隨著農(nong)用(yong)地(di)膜覆(fu)蓋(gai)栽培技術在各地(di)農(nong)村(cun)廣泛采用(yong)，土壤中(zhong)的廢舊地(di)膜碎片日漸殘留“儲存”。種(zhong)植業的“白(bai)色(se)革(ge)命”在助力廣大農(nong)民增(zeng)(zeng)產增(zeng)(zeng)收的同時，也給土壤帶來了“白(bai)色(se)污染”隱患。

        筆(bi)者長年(nian)在基(ji)層從(cong)事(shi)農技推廣工作，目睹(du)廢棄農用地(di)膜(mo)清理不(bu)盡，導致(zhi)農業面源污染(ran)日益顯現。農用地(di)膜(mo)一般(ban)為石油(you)加工品，而石油(you)是(shi)不(bu)可再(zai)生(sheng)的資源。塑(su)料地(di)膜(mo)不(bu)易腐(fu)爛分解，不(bu)僅破壞(huai)土壤(rang)的原有結構，使(shi)土壤(rang)失去保水(shui)保肥(fei)特性(xing)，而且還(huan)嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)土壤(rang)的透氣性(xing)以(yi)及上下輸導水(shui)分的能力，導致(zhi)農作物不(bu)能正(zheng)常生(sheng)長，影響(xiang)單產提高(gao)。

        在牛(niu)犁(li)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)耙的農(nong)區，廢舊地(di)膜(mo)(mo)“儲存”于土壤易致土壤耕(geng)(geng)(geng)層(ceng)(ceng)變淺(qian)，阻(zu)礙牛(niu)犁(li)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)作層(ceng)(ceng)增厚及(ji)培(pei)肥地(di)力(li)。由于農(nong)用(yong)地(di)膜(mo)(mo)的塑(su)料(liao)類(lei)原料(liao)多為高分子化合物(wu)，長年累月很難分解(jie)。廢舊農(nong)用(yong)地(di)膜(mo)(mo)當年回收不(bu)盡，除了造成(cheng)生態(tai)環(huan)境污染之外，還直接影響牛(niu)犁(li)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)耙土壤的深度。此外，一(yi)些地(di)方用(yong)小型牽引(yin)力(li)農(nong)機耕(geng)(geng)(geng)田，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)作層(ceng)(ceng)淺(qian)至15厘(li)(li)米(mi)左右(you)，離(li)棉花、玉米(mi)、水稻等農(nong)作物(wu)生長需要(yao)20~30厘(li)(li)米(mi)的農(nong)藝相差(cha)甚大(da)。

        廢(fei)舊農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)膜(mo)不(bu)(bu)能徹底清理回收的(de)主(zhu)要原因，一是(shi)社(she)會各界對(dui)(dui)土壤“白(bai)色(se)污(wu)染”缺乏憂(you)患意識(shi)，涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)部門制定(ding)(ding)的(de)廢(fei)舊地(di)(di)膜(mo)回收管(guan)理措施不(bu)(bu)夠完善(shan)。二是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)收獲后，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)一般不(bu)(bu)想再大量投入(ru)人力成本，對(dui)(dui)耕(geng)地(di)(di)清理回收廢(fei)舊地(di)(di)膜(mo)多持消極態(tai)度(du)。三是(shi)有的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)還(huan)沒(mei)有把口糧(liang)田真正當作自己的(de)耕(geng)地(di)(di)使(shi)用(yong)和(he)保護，偏(pian)重眼前利益。四(si)是(shi)土地(di)(di)承租(zu)經營(ying)種植業大戶將廢(fei)舊地(di)(di)膜(mo)棄(qi)田的(de)比率比一般農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶要高(gao)。筆(bi)者認為(wei)，要徹底解決水田旱地(di)(di)“白(bai)色(se)污(wu)染”問題，政(zheng)府和(he)社(she)會各界要增(zeng)強“白(bai)色(se)污(wu)染”憂(you)患意識(shi)，教育農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)認識(shi)到廢(fei)舊地(di)(di)膜(mo)棄(qi)田的(de)危害，制定(ding)(ding)出臺清理回收地(di)(di)膜(mo)的(de)剛性(xing)管(guan)理措施。否則，我們賴以生存的(de)耕(geng)地(di)(di)將會病入(ru)膏肓。

        為此，筆者建(jian)(jian)議，一(yi)是政府(fu)要盡(jin)早加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防治農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)“白色污(wu)(wu)染(ran)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)法工作(zuo)，盡(jin)快把(ba)建(jian)(jian)立(li)和(he)完(wan)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)清潔保護(hu)法律法規體(ti)系提上議事日程，填補(bu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)保護(hu)法律的(de)(de)(de)(de)空白和(he)盲點。二要鼓勵研制、開發(fa)、推(tui)廣光(guang)解膜(mo)(mo)和(he)生(sheng)物降解膜(mo)(mo)等(deng)新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)，并通過強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化管(guan)(guan)理并輔以相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟手(shou)段(duan)，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)回收(shou)廢(fei)(fei)舊(jiu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)。三要嚴防農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)對耕地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，積(ji)(ji)極引(yin)導農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)發(fa)展節水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和(he)生(sheng)態農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化監控、管(guan)(guan)理農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)面源污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，制定(ding)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關檢測標準。四要抓緊回收(shou)廢(fei)(fei)舊(jiu)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)，防治地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)。五是供銷、生(sheng)產資料(liao)等(deng)有(you)關部門(men)（包括(kuo)廢(fei)(fei)品(pin)收(shou)購店(dian)）要采用(yong)價格杠桿，抓緊從(cong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)手(shou)里回收(shou)廢(fei)(fei)舊(jiu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)，調(diao)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)清除殘留地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)極性，同時推(tui)動(dong)廢(fei)(fei)品(pin)收(shou)購商收(shou)購廢(fei)(fei)舊(jiu)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)，發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)地(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)再生(sheng)行業(ye)，變廢(fei)(fei)為寶。